Page updated: May 2020
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近年來隨著電視、電腦螢幕、投影機等顯示設備規格不斷成長,而依些如 Netflix、YouTube、愛奇藝、iTunes Movie、Google Movie等推出4K影片,讓我們現在幾乎全面進入4K世界,而且部分電視頻道開始測試8K節目轉播,很明顯的,8K世界級在不久的將來。
因此,我們許多早期使用的HDMI線已經不符合4K、8K的需求。過往1080p所使用的HDMI線多採用銅線製成,但銅線會有許多阻抗、限制了高畫質傳輸的頻寬;而且即使可傳輸8K訊號的HDMI銅線最長長度約3公尺,較不利於長距離的高畫質影像傳輸。
根據這個深奧的問題,我們將以三個面向,帶大家認識光纖HDMI與4K、8K的關聯性:
目前市面上有三個版本HDMI線。
HDMI V1.4 為 1080p 解析度版本,最大頻寬可傳輸10.2Gbps;
HDMI V2.0 則為 4K 高解析度版本,最大頻寬可傳輸18Gbps;
而目前最高的HDMI V2.1則為8K高畫質版本,最大頻寬可達48Gbps。
1. 光纖材質非常輕,所以線材可以做得非常輕巧。
2. 非常適合長距離傳輸,每公里所損耗的數據量非常的少、少到可以忽略,因此目前光纖HDMI線約可傳輸100~200公尺。
3. 由於光纖是採用光數據傳輸,因此可避免周遭電線的電磁波干擾。
光纖的運作原理,是將從訊號輸出的電子訊號,轉換為高速的雷射光訊號;這些雷射光訊號通過筆人髮還細的光纖線。這些雷射光訊號抵達輸入端時,會再被轉換回電子訊號,然後被顯示器接收。
儘管光纖HDMI線可以解決高畫質影像長距離傳輸的問題,但HDMI線纜也必須處理傳輸非常複雜、困難的電子訊號,例如:幀率、色彩採樣、HDR訊號等)。
在使用 HDMI 光纖線的時候,有以下幾點注意事項:
每一條HDMI線都有不同的規格,使用前先注意該 HDMI 線的版本、支援的頻寬傳輸量、支援的最高解析度、是否支援3D等等。
光纖 HDMI 線的電纜有固定的方向性。也就是說,當光纖 HDMI 線必須將發送端接到播放機,而將接收端接到顯示設備 (電視、投影機的 HDMI 埠)。
有時候在使用光纖 HDMI 線域到相容性問題時,常不知道問題是來自於播放器(Apple TV、BD播放機、PlayStation 4、XBox、電腦、機上盒)、還是顯示器(電視、投影機、電腦螢幕)、擴大機、還是光纖HDMI線。找出問題的最好方法,就是換上短距離的銅製 HDMI 線,藉此逐一排除找出問題。
因為光纖 HDMI 線有嵌入式光電轉換器,意味著需要有 HDMI 接口需具有 5V 的電力,而這也是最常遇見、但也最難解的問題。以 Apple TV為例,其 HDMI 接口的輸出功率為500mW (5V/100mA),如果您的光纖 HDMI 線需要超過 500mW 的電力,則無法使用該 HDMI 線,或是降轉為較低解析度的畫面。如要解決此問,則需要搭配使用額外的 5V 電源適配器,如下圖:
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